comprehensive, detailed overview of major vegetable diseases

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Here’s a comprehensive, detailed overview of major vegetable diseases, organized by pathogen type and including key symptoms, host crops, conditions, and control methods:


🦠 1. Fungal & Oomycete Diseases

DiseasePathogenHostsSymptomsConditionsControl
Early BlightAlternaria solaniTomato, potatoConcentric brown leaf spots, fruit lesionsWarm, wetRotate crops, chlorothalonil, copper en.wikipedia.org+13extension.umd.edu+13agrilife.org+13southernliving.com+1en.wikipedia.org+1
Late BlightPhytophthora infestansTomato, potatoWater-soaked leaves/fruit, white sporulationCool, humidRemove debris, fungicides
Powdery MildewErysiphe, Podosphaera spp.Squash, cucumber, tomatoWhite powder on leavesWarm, high humiditySulfur, neem, drip irrigation
Downy MildewPeronospora, Pseudoperonospora spp.Cucumber, spinachAngular chlorotic spots, underside fuzzCool, wetMetalaxyl, copper
AnthracnoseColletotrichum spp.Bean, cucumber, melon, tomatoSunken fruit/leaf lesionsWarm, wetCopper, pruning
Gummy Stem BlightDidymella bryoniaeCantaloupe, cucumberStem lesions, pycnidia, leaf blightWarm, humidFungicides, remove crop residue
Southern BlightAthelia/Sclerotium rolfsiiPepper, bean, carrotStem rot, white fan, sclerotiaWarm, moistSoil solarization, fungicide
White Mold (Sclerotinia)S. sclerotiorumBean, lettuce, cucumberWhite mycelium, sclerotia, collapseCool, moistCrop rotation, clean debris
Phytophthora BlightP. capsiciTomato, pepper, squashCrown rot, root rot, fruit blightWater-logged, warmGood drainage, fungicides

🧫 2. Bacterial Diseases

DiseaseBacteriumHostsSymptomsConditionsControl
Bacterial Leaf SpotXanthomonas campestrisBrassicas, tomato, pepperAngular spots, yellow halos, stem cankersRain/wind splashRemove debris, copper sprays en.wikipedia.org+12en.wikipedia.org+12en.wikipedia.org+12vegpath.plantpath.wisc.edu+6agriculture.vic.gov.au+6extension.uga.edu+6
Bacterial Speck/SpotPseudomonas syringae/XanthomonasTomato, pepperTiny dark spots on leaves/fruitCool, wetCopper sprays, resistant varieties
Bacterial WiltRalstonia solanacearumTomato, pepper, eggplantSudden wilting, no leaf yellowingWarm soil, insect vectorsClean transplants, rotate crops
Black Rot (Brassicas)X. campestris pv. campestrisCabbage, broccoliV-shaped lesions, blackened veinsWarm, rainySeed-free stock, copper treatment
Bacterial Soft RotErwinia carotovoraCarrot, cabbage, potatoSoft mushy root/fruit, foul smellWaterlogged soilImproved drainage, sanitation

🌱 3. Viral Diseases

DiseaseVirus TypeHostsSymptomsTransmissionControl
Cucumber Mosaic VirusCMV (virus)Cucumber, pepper, tomatoMosaic, distortion, stuntingAphids, seedsResistant seeds, vector control extension.umd.edu+13en.wikipedia.org+13southernliving.com+13
Tomato Mosaic VirusTobamovirusTomato, pepperMosaic, leaf distortionSeed, tools, contactClean tools, resist varieties
Tomato Spotted Wilt VirusTospovirusTomato, pepperNecrotic rings, wiltingThripsInsect controls, resistant varieties
Lettuce Mosaic VirusPotyvirusLettuce, spinachMosaic, poor head developmentAphids, seedCertified seed, rogue infected plants
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl VirusBegomovirusTomatoCurling/yellowing leaves, stuntingWhitefliesReflective mulch, resistant cultivars

🐛 4. Soilborne & Nematode Pests

Pest/DiseaseAgentHostsSymptomsControl
Root-Knot NematodeMeloidogyne spp.Many vegetablesRoot galls, stunting, wiltingNematicides, rotation bhg.com+3thespruce.com+3extension.uga.edu+3gardeningknowhow.com+8agrilife.org+8en.wikipedia.org+8
Colletotrichum Root RotPhytophthora spp.Many cropsRoot rot, damping-offDrainage, fungicides

🌾 5. Abiotic & Nutrient Disorders

DisorderCauseHostsSymptomsRemedy
Blossom-End RotCa deficiency + uneven moistureTomato, pepper, squashSunken brown rots on fruitCa sprays, consistent watering en.wikipedia.org+2thespruce.com+2bhg.com+2agrilife.orgen.wikipedia.org+4ag.purdue.edu+4agrilife.org+4
SunscaldExcess sun exposureTomato, pepperWhite/bleached patchesShade, avoid leaf pruning
TipburnCalcium deficiency in headsLettuceInner leaf browningCalcium foliar sprays

✅ Recommended Management Practices

  • Rotate crops, use disease-resistant varieties

  • Ensure proper drainage; prevent water logging

  • Use certified seed and transplants

  • Apply fungicides/bactericides only when needed

  • Control vectors (aphids, thrips, whiteflies)

  • Maintain field hygiene and remove crop debris

  • Monitor regularly and scout early for symptoms

 

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