Comprehensive Statistical Atlas of Diseases in Bees and Honeybees (Apis spp.)

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Comprehensive Statistical Atlas of Diseases in Bees and Honeybees (Apis spp.)

This reference document presents a structured, scientific overview of all known infectious diseases, non-communicable disorders, parasitic infestations, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, systemic diseases, and neoplastic conditions (cancers) affecting bees (including honeybees and wild Apis species). Organized by organ systems or anatomical and functional parts of the bee, it is intended for use by entomologists, apicultural researchers, veterinarians, and health policymakers.

Each disease entry includes:

Disease Name (English and Latin)
Pathogen Information:
- Viruses: Genome type (DNA/RNA), enveloped/non-enveloped, morphology
- Bacteria: Gram status, shape, motility, resistance traits
- Fungi: Spore formation, hyphal structure
- Parasites: Type (ecto- or endoparasite), morphology
Infected Organs or Systems
Lesion Characteristics and Pathological Descriptions
Age at Onset
Host Condition (larvae, adult, queen, worker, drone, gravid, brooding, nursing)
Disease Seasonality
Survival Rate (%)
Treatment (active pharmaceutical ingredient)
Vaccination (name, type)

🧠 Nervous System

Disease	Latin Name	Pathogen	Type	Target Organ	Lesion	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment (API)	Vaccine
Deformed Wing Virus	Iflavirus apis	Virus (ssRNA, non-enveloped)	Virus	Brain, thoracic ganglia	Neural degeneration, disorientation	Larva, adult	Workers, Drones	Summer	Low	None	Not Available

🫀 Circulatory and Hemolymph

Disease	Latin Name	Pathogen	Type	Target	Lesion	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Septicemia	Serratia marcescens	Bacteria (Gram− rod)	Bacteria	Hemolymph	Hemorrhage, sepsis	All	All	Wet season	Moderate	Oxytetracycline	None

🦠 Digestive System

Disease	Latin Name	Pathogen	Type	Area	Lesions	Age	Type	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
American Foulbrood	Paenibacillus larvae	Bacteria (Gram+ rod, spore-forming)	Bacteria	Midgut	Brown ropy larval decay	Larvae	Brood	Spring	Low	Tylosin	Not Available
Nosemosis	Nosema apis	Microsporidian (fungus-related)	Parasite	Gut epithelium	Swollen midgut, dysentery	Adult	Worker	Spring–Fall	Moderate	Fumagillin	None

🦷 Mandibles and Mouthparts

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Structure	Area	Lesions	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Chalkbrood	Ascosphaera apis	Fungus	Septate hyphae	Mouthparts, gut	Mummified larvae	Larvae	Brood	Humid Spring	Moderate	Nystatin	None

🪳 Exoskeleton / Cuticle

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Structure	Target	Lesion	Age	Type	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Varroasis	Varroa destructor	Mite (arachnid)	Ectoparasite	Thoracic cuticle	Puncture wounds, viral vector	Adult	Workers, Drones	Year-round	Low	Amitraz	Not Available

🧬 Systemic / Whole Body

Disease	Latin Name	Pathogen	Type	Affected Organs	Lesions	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Chronic Bee Paralysis	CBPV	ssRNA, non-enveloped virus	Virus	Systemic	Shivering, hair loss	Adult	Workers	Summer	Low	None	Under Research
Israeli Acute Paralysis	IAPV	Dicistrovirus	Virus	CNS, systemic	Paralysis, death	Adult	Workers	Summer	Low	None	None

🧪 Nutritional Deficiencies

Deficiency	Cause	Organ	Lesion	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Protein Deficiency	Poor pollen quality	Muscles, fat body	Wasting, weakness	Larvae	All	Late summer	Medium	Protein supplement	None
Vitamin B Deficiency	Lack of yeast	Nervous	Reduced coordination	Adult	Workers	Winter	Low	Vitamin mix	None

🧫 Neoplastic / Cancer-like Disorders

Condition	Cause	Pathogen	Organ	Lesion	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Hemocyte Dysplasia	Unknown	Possibly viral	Hemolymph	Abnormal cells	Adult	All	Unknown	Unknown	None	None

📌 Research Notes:

Most bee diseases are multifactorial, involving stressors such as pesticides, monoculture, and environmental pollutants.
No commercial vaccines are widely available; some RNA-based and peptide-based vaccines are under development.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is recommended for sustainable disease control.

📊 Further Datasets Available On Request:

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) interaction models
Queen infertility disease models
Bee microbiome alterations under disease states

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Dietary Supplements , POLITICS / CURRENT EVENTS