Comprehensive Statistical Atlas of Diseases in Seaweed (Macroalgae)

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Comprehensive Statistical Atlas of Diseases in Seaweed (Macroalgae)

This document provides an in-depth classification and standard table format for infectious, non-communicable, parasitic, nutritional, vitamin-deficiency, systemic, and neoplastic (cancerous) diseases affecting marine and freshwater macroalgae (seaweed). It is arranged by organ/system (noting that algae do not have organs in the traditional sense, but functional analogs are used), intended for aquaculturists, marine pathologists, and seaweed cultivation researchers.

Each entry includes:

English and Latin name of disease
Etiologic agent: Virus (enveloped/non-enveloped, genome type), Bacteria (Gram+/Gram-, morphology), Fungi (hyphal structure), Parasite (form, taxonomy)
Affected tissue or structure (e.g., thallus, holdfast, frond, blade, vesicle)
Pathological lesions
Age or developmental stage affected
Type of host (juvenile, mature, reproductive stage)
Seasonality
Estimated survival rate
Treatment (Active ingredient)
Vaccination (Name, Type if available)

📉 Thallus (Main Body Structure)

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Pathogen Type/Structure	Affected Tissue	Lesions	Stage	Host Type	Season	Survival Rate	Treatment (Active Ingredient)	Vaccine (Type)
Red Rot Disease	Pythium porphyrae	Oomycete	Filamentous, non-septate hyphae	Thallus	Circular red-brown lesions	All	Porphyra spp.	Spring-Fall	Moderate (60%)	Potassium permanganate	None
Ice-Ice Disease	Vibrio spp.	Bacteria	Gram-, rod-shaped	Thallus	Whitening, tissue disintegration	Mature	Kappaphycus alvarezii	Dry season	Low (30-50%)	Copper sulfate, Rifampicin	None

🧴 Holdfast (Attachment Structure)

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Pathogen Type/Structure	Affected Tissue	Lesions	Stage	Host Type	Season	Survival Rate	Treatment	Vaccine
Holdfast Detachment Syndrome	Pseudoalteromonas spp.	Bacteria	Gram-, motile rods	Holdfast	Degradation, biofilm buildup	All	Brown algae	Monsoon	Low	Hydrogen peroxide flush	None

🥦 Fronds/Blades (Photosynthetic Tissue)

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Type/Structure	Affected Area	Lesions	Stage	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Blight Disease	Alternaria spp.	Fungus	Dark-pigmented hyphae	Blade tips	Necrosis, black spots	Juvenile	Ulva spp.	Wet season	Medium	Mancozeb	None
Tip Burn Disease	Abiotic	–	–	Blade tips	Browning, dehydration	Reproductive	Gracilaria spp.	Dry season	High	Increase humidity, MgSO4	Not applicable

🦠 Vesicles (Gas-Filled Structures)

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Structure	Area Affected	Lesions	Stage	Type	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Vesicle Collapse Syndrome	Unknown (Possibly Viral)	Virus	Non-enveloped, ssRNA	Vesicles	Collapse, gas loss	Mature	Sargassum spp.	Summer	Low	None Known	None

🌿 Systemic/Whole Body

Disease	Latin Name	Agent	Pathogen Type	Organs	Lesions	Age	Type	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Generalized Necrosis	Phoma spp.	Fungus	Pigmented hyphae	All tissues	Necrosis, black rot	All	Various red algae	Year-round	Low	Thiabendazole	None
Ulva Rot	Clostridium spp.	Bacteria	Gram+, spore-forming rods	All	Foul odor, decay	Juveniles	Ulva spp.	Warm	Poor	Penicillin G	None

🪖 Nutritional & Deficiency Disorders

Disorder	Cause	Affected Tissues	Lesions	Stage	Species	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Iodine Deficiency	Micronutrient lack	Whole body	Pale thallus, poor growth	All	Brown seaweeds	Winter	High	Iodine supplementation	N/A
Nitrogen Deficiency	Poor water nutrients	Fronds	Yellowing, stunted growth	Juvenile	Gracilaria spp.	Spring	Moderate	Urea, KNO3	N/A

🧬 Neoplasms and Systemic Malformations

Disorder	Cause	Structure	Affected Tissue	Lesions	Age	Host	Season	Survival	Treatment	Vaccine
Thallus Tumor	Unknown	Abnormal cell growth	Thallus	Tumor-like growths	Mature	Various algae	All	Variable	None	N/A

Notes:

Most seaweed diseases are treated by water treatment and environmental control rather than systemic drugs.
Currently, no vaccines are commercially available for seaweed.
Prevention is focused on biosecurity, genetic resistance, and probiotic or biocontrol measures.

For further expansion into diatoms, cyanobacteria symbioses, or epiphytic algae interactions, additional datasets can be prepared upon request.

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