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Comprehensive Statistical Atlas of Diseases in Shrimp (Penaeid and Other Farmed Species)
Comprehensive Statistical Atlas of Diseases in Shrimp (Penaeid and Other Farmed Species)
This scientific reference provides an in-depth compilation of infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, parasitic infections, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, systemic illnesses, and cancers affecting marine and freshwater shrimp species (e.g., Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Disease data is structured by organ systems with dedicated comparison tables for each, following veterinary and epidemiological standards.
Each disease entry includes:
- English & Latin Name of Disease
- Etiological Agent (virus [enveloped/non-enveloped, structure], bacteria [Gram +/−, morphology], fungi [structure], parasites [structure])
- Organs Affected or Systemic
- Lesions or Pathologies
- Typical Age or Developmental Stage at Infection
- Animal Demographics (young, adult, male, female, gravid, incubation, brooding)
- Season of Occurrence
- Estimated Survival Rate
- Treatment (active pharmaceutical ingredient)
- Vaccination (vaccine name and type, where applicable)
🧠 Nervous System Diseases
| Disease Name | Latin Name | Pathogen | Type/Structure | Organs Affected | Lesions | Age/Stage | Animal Type | Season | Survival Rate | Treatment (API) | Vaccine (Type) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White Spot Syndrome | White Spot Syndrome Virus | Virus | Enveloped, dsDNA, rod-shaped | CNS, cuticle epithelium | Nervous degeneration | Post-larvae–adult | All shrimp | Cold/winter | <20% | No cure, supportive | None |
| Infectious Myonecrosis | Infectious Myonecrosis Virus | Virus | Non-enveloped, dsRNA | Muscle, CNS | Muscle whitening, paralysis | Juveniles | L. vannamei | All seasons | 30–50% | No antiviral | No |
🫁 Respiratory & Gill System
| Disease Name | Latin Name | Pathogen | Type/Structure | Organs Affected | Lesions | Age | Species | Season | Survival Rate | Treatment | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fouling Disease | Epibiotic organisms (bacteria, algae) | Mixed | N/A | Gill, cuticle | Biofilm, reduced respiration | Adult | All | Warm season | Moderate | Formalin bath | None |
| Branchiostegite Necrosis | Unknown bacteria | Gram− rods | Gills | Darkening, tissue necrosis | All stages | P. monodon | Summer | Variable | Oxytetracycline | No |
💗 Hemolymph & Cardiovascular System
| Disease | Latin | Agent | Type | Organs | Lesions | Age | Species | Season | Survival | Treatment | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Septic Hepatopancreatic Necrosis | Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus | Bacteria | Gram−, rod | Hemolymph, hepatopancreas | Septicemia | Juvenile | L. vannamei | Summer | Low | Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim | No |
🧬 Digestive & Hepatopancreatic System
| Disease | Latin | Agent | Structure | Organs | Lesions | Age | Species | Season | Survival | Treatment | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS/AHPND) | V. parahaemolyticus (PirAB toxins) | Bacteria | Gram− rod, plasmid | Hepatopancreas | Massive tissue necrosis | Juvenile–subadult | L. vannamei | Hot season | <20% | Oxytetracycline | Experimental (oral killed) |
| Microsporidiosis | Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei | Parasite | Obligate intracellular | Digestive epithelium | Growth retardation | All ages | L. vannamei | Year-round | Medium | No drug | No |
🦴 Exoskeletal & Musculoskeletal System
| Disease | Cause | Pathogen Type | Organs | Lesions | Age | Animal Type | Season | Survival | Treatment | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shell Disease | Opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Vibrio spp.) | Gram− rods | Carapace | Erosions, melanization | Adult | P. monodon | Rainy season | Medium | Formalin, iodine | No |
| Muscle Necrosis | Hypoxia/stress | Non-infectious | Muscle | Opacity, necrosis | Juvenile–adult | All | All | Variable | Improve water quality | No |
💩 Nutritional & Metabolic Disorders
| Disease | Cause | Organs | Lesions | Age | Species | Season | Survival Rate | Treatment | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C Deficiency | Malnutrition | Exoskeleton | Soft shell, melanosis | All | All | All | Moderate | Ascorbic acid feed | None |
| Moulting Deficiency | Calcium/Mg deficiency | Exoskeleton, musculature | Incomplete ecdysis | Adult | P. monodon | Spring | Low | Mineral supplement | No |
🦠 Systemic, Cancer & Neoplasia
| Disease | Latin Name | Agent | Pathogen Structure | Organs | Lesions | Age | Species | Season | Survival | Treatment | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemocytic Enteritis | Unclassified virus | Virus | Unknown, suspected enveloped RNA | Systemic | Hemocyte infiltration | Juvenile | L. vannamei | Wet season | Poor | None | None |
| Tumor-like Nodules | Unknown | Possibly carcinogen | Variable | Cuticle, gills | Proliferative nodules | Adult | P. monodon | All | Variable | None | No |
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