February
Louis Riel Day
Louis Riel Day is a holiday celebrated in Canada on the third Monday of February, with this year’s observance taking place on February 17. This day pays tribute to Louis Riel, the founder of Manitoba, recognizing his significant contributions as a Canadian politician. In memory of Riel, many places across Canada, including streets, buildings, and public libraries, bear his name. Riel was a key figure representing the Métis community in the Prairie Provinces and played a vital role in establishing Manitoba as a province.
While Louis Riel Day is celebrated enthusiastically in Manitoba, it is not a public holiday in other provinces. Consequently, federal offices remain open, while local services, schools, and businesses typically take the day off.
The History Behind Louis Riel Day
The intention of Louis Riel Day is to honor the heritage of the people of Manitoba. Interestingly, in several provinces, the third Monday in February is recognized as Family Day. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba approved this holiday in 2007, and it was first celebrated on February 18. When it came time to name the holiday, students from Manitoba suggested various names that reflected the province’s rich culture, sports, and historical figures, ultimately choosing Louis Riel Day as the winner.
On this occasion, the Métis community especially pays homage to Riel, who dedicated his life to advocating for their rights and recognition. He led significant rebellions against both the federal government and white settlers to defend the Red River area, home to the Métis. In the late 1860s, he established the Métis National Committee to protect the cultural, social, and political heritage of the Métis people, which played an essential role in the well-known Red River Resistance. When the Canadian government sought to take over Métis lands, Riel organized a militia and demanded the establishment of a new province for the Métis through the Manitoba Act. By the end of this conflict, Riel had developed a controversial reputation. While he was lauded by the Métis, the government viewed him as a criminal. The Manitoba Act was enacted in 1870, officially recognizing the new province, but Riel was convicted of treason and expelled from Parliament. Nevertheless, he continued to support another uprising—the North-West Rebellion of 1885—which led to his execution by the Canadian government in November of that year.
Key Events in Louis Riel Day History:
- 1869: The Red River Resistance occurs, with Riel becoming a spokesperson for the Métis and leading a rebellion to protect their land.
- 1870: The Manitoba Act receives royal assent.
- 1872: Riel voluntarily goes into exile in Minnesota at the request of John A. Macdonald to help prevent conflict between Ontario and Quebec.
- 1885: Louis Riel is executed for treason.
Common Questions About Louis Riel Day
Is Louis Riel Day a general holiday in Manitoba?Yes, it is one of the eight general holidays celebrated in Manitoba throughout the year.
How do other Canadian provinces acknowledge Louis Riel Day?In several provinces, including Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Saskatchewan, the third Monday of February is celebrated as Family Day. Prince Edward Island observes it as Islander Day, while Nova Scotia recognizes it as Heritage Day.
Why do we celebrate Louis Riel Day?This day honors Louis Riel’s contributions to shaping Canada as we know it today and commemorates his commitment to the Métis people.
Ways to Observe Louis Riel Day:
- Learn about Métis Culture: Take the time to understand the heritage of the Métis community and the sacrifices Riel made for them.
- Visit Manitoba: If you’re not from Manitoba, consider a trip to explore the province that Riel helped create. Check out historic sites in celebration of this special day.
- Make a Positive Impact: Reflect on how you can give back to your community. You might not need to dedicate your life to a cause like Riel, but you can still volunteer or participate in local projects.
Five Noteworthy Facts About Louis Riel:
- Father of Manitoba: Riel is celebrated as the “Father of Manitoba” for his leadership in forming the provisional government that led to the province’s creation.
- Public Hero: In a survey conducted by C.B.C., Riel was voted the 11th “Greatest Canadian.”
- Parliamentary Elections: Riel was elected to parliament three times but was expelled each time due to delays in his acceptance.
- Mental Health Struggles: After his exile, Riel experienced mental health challenges, including nervous breakdowns.
- Controversial Figure: While he is a hero to the Métis, he was viewed as a villain by many white settlers, labeled as a treasonous troublemaker.
The Importance of Louis Riel Day:
- Honors Indigenous Peoples: This day celebrates the Métis as an essential part of Canada’s indigenous heritage, highlighting their ongoing struggle for recognition and freedom.
- Provides a Break: Coinciding with Family Day, this holiday offers Canadians a chance to relax and step back from their hectic lives.
- Inspires Reflection: Riel’s legacy of justice, equality, and community decision-making continues to resonate, encouraging us to foster harmony among all communities.
Upcoming Dates for Louis Riel Day:
- 2022: February 21 (Monday)
- 2023: February 20 (Monday)
- 2024: February 19 (Monday)
- 2025: February 17 (Monday)
- 2026: February 16 (Monday)
What is the date of Louis Riel Day every year?
