National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month

March marks the observance of National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month in the United States, shining a light on a range of disabilities that affect learning and behavior. This includes conditions like autism and ADHD, as well as physical and intellectual challenges such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and Down syndrome. The goal of this campaign is to foster inclusion for individuals with developmental disabilities in every aspect of community life, while also highlighting the ongoing struggles these individuals face in their communities.

History of National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month

Historically, the treatment of people with developmental disabilities was often harsh and inhumane, especially prior to the 19th century, when many were subjected to violence and lived in unsanitary conditions. A disturbing practice known as “passing on” involved transporting individuals to different towns to rid communities of them. However, awareness regarding developmental disabilities began to grow in the 19th century, both in England and the U.S. Pioneering advocates like Dorothy Dix tirelessly fought for the human rights of those with disabilities. Since it was considered inappropriate for a woman to address Congress, she enlisted the help of reformer Samuel Gridley Howe to present her case for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities. Although the motion gained support in the Senate and House of Representatives, it was ultimately vetoed by President Pierce.

Even notable Romantic poets like Byron, Wordsworth, and Keats contributed to the movement by encouraging the establishment of asylums in rural settings, emphasizing the value of a simple, nature-connected life. Meanwhile, educators like Edouard Seguin championed sensory and muscular training to help children with disabilities develop their central nervous systems. Maria Montessori drew inspiration from Seguin’s techniques during her work with children. Over the century, however, the approach to training and institutions evolved, leading to the rise of custodial facilities that effectively isolated individuals from their communities. It wasn’t until the deinstitutionalization movement of the 1970s and 1980s that significant change occurred, culminating in Ronald Reagan’s declaration of March as National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month in 1987.

Here’s a brief timeline of key events related to National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month:

• 1810: Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol opens a compassionate asylum for those labeled as ‘insane’ in France.
• 1848: Social reformer Dorothea Dix advocates in Congress for better living conditions for individuals with disabilities.
• 1876: A group of six medical professionals forms what would become the American Association for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (A.A.I.D.D.).
• 1987: President Ronald Reagan officially designates March as National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month.

Frequently Asked Questions

• How many Americans have developmental disabilities? Approximately six million people in the U.S. are reported to have developmental disabilities, with estimates suggesting that one in six children (17%) may be affected.
• Who creates the artwork for Development Disabilities Awareness Month? The logo for DD Awareness Month is created using artwork from DC Studio, known as ‘Art Enables.’
• What is the National Association of Councils on Developmental Disabilities? Each March, this organization collaborates with the Association of University Centers on Disabilities (A.U.C.D.) and the National Disability Rights Network (N.D.R.N.) to showcase how people with disabilities come together to strengthen their communities.

Ways to Participate in National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month

• Educate Yourself on Disability Rights: The Americans with Disabilities Act, passed in 1990, prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. Familiarize yourself with the rights established under this Act, which is enforced by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Supporting a colleague or friend can be a valuable step.
• Volunteer: Numerous organizations, both nationally and locally, are dedicated to supporting people with various disabilities. Major groups include the National Association of Councils on Developmental Disabilities (N.A.C.D.D.), the National Disability Institute, and the American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities. If you’re aware of any local chapters or schools serving individuals with disabilities, consider reaching out to offer your support.
• Fundraise: Many organizations in this field are non-profits seeking funds to enhance services for their participants. If you have skills in marketing or networking, consider organizing a fundraiser this March.

Five Facts About Disabilities

1. Eugenics Misguided Solutions: In the early 20th century, some believed that disabilities could be “cured” through eugenics, a notion that has since been discredited.
2. Old Terminology: In the 19th and early 20th centuries, terms like “feeble-minded,” “idiots,” or “imbeciles” were used to describe individuals with developmental or intellectual disabilities.
3. Age Consideration: The N.A.C.D.D. states that to qualify as a developmental disability, the condition must emerge in individuals younger than 22 years.
4. Autism Misunderstood: The Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler originally coined the term “autism” in relation to a type of schizophrenia.
5. Intellectual Disability Benchmark: An IQ score below 70 qualifies an individual as intellectually disabled.

Why National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month Matters

• A Complex History: While awareness has greatly improved, the journey has been fraught with setbacks. Progress made by compassionate doctors and educators was later overshadowed by more rigid institutionalization, a practice that came under scrutiny only in the last few decades.
• Volunteering Opportunities: Getting involved with organizations that support individuals with disabilities is not just beneficial for them; it can also enhance your own social skills and provide valuable insights into different lifestyles.
• Self-Awareness Growth: This month serves as a reminder that we all exist on a vast spectrum of intellectual and physical abilities. It offers an opportunity to cultivate empathy and recognize the challenges we all face in our own lives, irrespective of our IQ scores or diagnoses.

What is the date of National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month every year?

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